Book Abstract

Biochemical and Physiological Response During Oxidative Stress: From Invertebrates to Vertebrates presents a focused and updated resource detailing both traditional and advanced cytogenetic techniques used to analyze hereditary material. The book bridges classical chromosome observation methods with modern molecular tools, highlighting methodological advancements that deepen our understanding of chromosomal structure, function, and anomalies across biological systems . Introduces traditional techniques such as karyotyping, G-, R-, and C-banding, along with silver-staining of nucleolar organizing regions. These methods enable identification of chromosome number, morphology, and structural rearrangements crucial to animal and plant genetics. Describes the revolutionary impact of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and its variants?including multicolor FISH, spectral karyotyping, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)?in detecting precise chromosomal alterations in metaphase and interphase cells. These high-resolution tools have become indispensable in diagnostics of cancer, prenatal anomalies, and hematologic disorders.

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